Voluntary Service at a Food Pantry on March 28, 2015 Assignment

Voluntary Service at a Food Pantry on March 28, 2015 - Assignment Example The  report outlines that "I was keen to note that the food supply did not include fruits. Evidently, the fact that the food pantry did not supply fruits translated to an imbalanced diet for the community members. Therefore, I played an active role in donating raisin fruit. The fruits I donated amounted to 8 pounds in weight (Basavanthappa, 2008). It was a real privilege for me to contribute positively to improving the health of the community members. Many of the community members who receive food supplies from the pantry are not financially stable and require the help from well-wishers. However, they deserve to have access to a balanced diet that can help in promoting their health. Therefore, when I had the opportunity of providing them with fruits, I felt privileged because I knew that my contribution was worthwhile. In addition, the experience helped me to understand the health needs of the people especially those related to nutrition. According to my observation, the food pantry seeks to supply food to the needy in the society. They give a special focus to the elderly who are unable to earn a living. However, the pantry also seeks to ensure that the needy in the society have access to food. The qualification for accessing the foods from the pantry is that one must be living or working in Highland Park. Foods are supplied in accordance with the level of need. The food pantry carries out rigorous research in an effort to ascertain the different needs of people. Therefore, the donations from churches, schools, and other well-wishers are channeled to the neediest people in the society. In my opinion, the food pantry had its priorities right because it recognized the vulnerability of the elderly as a needy group in the society. However, the food pantry also supplies foods to community members of different ages.

Electronics AS project Essay Example for Free

Electronics AS project Essay The aim of this project is to create a fire alarm which will detect fire or the effects of fire and as a result, with a buzzer, aware any occupants and persons in the surrounding area. To do this, I have researched how to construct this particular circuit. Fire is a major hazard and without the proper warning indications, can lead to devastating consequences. This is a device that can solve this life-threatening problem. A device that relies on the smoke that is produced in the event of a fire. When this smoke passes between a bulb and an LDR, the amount of light falling on the LDR decreases. This causes the resistance of LDR to increase and the voltage at the base of the transistor is pulled high due to which the supply to the COB (chip-on-board) is completed. The sensitivity of the circuit can depend on the distance between bulb. A device that uses a thermistor and an LDR to detect the high temperatures and brightness of a fire. When the temperature reaches high, the resistance of the thermistor decreases dramatically and the voltage travelling across the thermistor is pulled high and is passed into an AND gate. The same thing happens with the LDR but as the brightness increases the resistance drops and the voltage travelling through the LDR is pulled high and is passed into the AND gate; switching on a \buzzer alarm. This is the system that I will investigate and use for my system. Using resistors 100K? and 10K? , a 10:1 ratio was formed to work out the trigger point. With the 5. 5K? as R1 the trigger point was made to be 550? which is need for the circuit to trigger at around 80 C. Resistor R1 forms a voltage divider with the thermistor; the voltage to the non-inverting input being larger than the reference voltage when the thermistor is hot. When the thermistor is in high temperatures, the non-inverting input is greater than the inverting input and so the output of the op-amp saturates at the positive supply voltage, +Vs. The output then goes into the same AND gate. This circuit, therefore, gives a logic 0 output in the dark and logic 1 output in the light.

Corporate Governance In Coca Cola Corporation Commerce Essay

Corporate Governance In Coca Cola Corporation Commerce Essay The Coca-Cola Corporation is dedicated to reverberation ideology of communal authority. The Board is designated by the shareowners to supervise their concentration in the enduring strength and the largely accomplishment of the production and its economic power. The Board provides as the eventual resolution manufacture body of the concern, excluding for individuals matters retained to or mutually shared with the shareowners. The Board elects and administers the associates of superior organization, who are charged by the Board with accomplish the production of the corporation. The Corporate Governance strategy, all along with the contracts of the all of the Board commission and the solution preparation of the Board afford the structure for communal supremacy at The Coca-Cola Company. Ethics Compliance: The core of the ideology and performance program at The Coca-Cola concern is our signs of Business behaviour. The system conducts the business behaviour; involves integrity and reliability in all substances. All of the executives and administrators are essential to examine and realize the system and pursue its instructions in the administrative centre and generously proportioned society. The policy is managed by the companys Ethics Compliance commission. This cross-functional superior administration group supervises the entire principles and acquiescence programs and resolves system infringements and regulation. Our Ethics Compliance workplace has functioning liability for edification, discussion, examining and estimation associated to the Code of industry perform and compliance concerns. Relates internationally obtain a assortment of moral code and compliance instruction options controlled by the Ethics Compliance Office. The company frequently screen and review the business to certify compliance with the system and the act. Coca-cola also sustains a constant rest of best-in-class values approximately the world that administrate how the company examine and hold Code concerns. In 2008, it modifies the Code to promote progress its efficiency. More than 20,000 contacts concluded more than 30,000 personally and web-based Ethics and Compliance guidance conference from August 2007 in the track of June 2008. All correlates will obtain in-person Code of company performs guidance in 2008. The company has skilled the contacts Code of dealing accomplish, European Union rivalry law, Latin American opposition law, economic reliability, logical possessions and spirited intellects, drug-free agency and avoids agency hostility. In 2006, company revolved out a simplified universal anti-bribery conformity program with partisan strategies, training and reviews. In accumulation, it extended the compliance program in the region of United State operates approved with opinionated policies, instruction and audits. Coca-cola associates, bottling colleagues, providers, regulars and customers can ask enquiries about the Code and former ethics and compliance subjects, or statement probable breach, through Ethics procession, a universal Web and telephone reports and exposure service. Phone calls are toll-free, and Ethics Line is accessible 24 hours a day, seven days a week, with obtainable translators. Corporate Social Responsibility: Coca-cola Greece was lately documented for its commercial collective responsibility attempts with 3 honours at the esteemed CSR distinction Awards formal procedure. The CSR superiority Awards identify accomplishment transversely all industries, not only food and beverage, and are honoured by a commission includes of convincing stakeholders, such as nongovernment associations and administration representatives. The appreciation of quality in 3 sorts exhibits the obsession of the coca-cola Company has for carrying the promises of subsist confidently stage to life at job and in the society. Continuous Achievement Award Human Resources Award Environment Award Vision 2020: The humankind is varying all around us. To prolong to succeed as a business for the next 10 years and beyond, we need to be required to stare forward, identify with the tendency and services that will figure out the business in the prospect and progress quickly to organize for whats to come. We have to get prepared for tomorrow today. Thats what the 2020 Vision is all regarding. It produces a lasting intention for the production and supplies coca-cola with a Route map for captivating mutually with the bottling partners. Coca-cola Mission Coca-colas Roadmap commences by means of the mission, which is durable. It proclaims the reason as a corporation and provides as the criterion oppose which the company consider the performance and resolutions. To energize the world To encourage moments of confidence and pleasure To generate assessment and compose a diversity. Coca-cola vision The Companys vision is to provide the structure for the Roadmap and conducts each and every feature of the trade by explaining what the company require to accomplish in order to prolong attaining sustainable, superiority development. People: Be an enormous circumstance to do job where persons are enthused to be the best they can be. Portfolio: convey to the world a portfolio of excellence drink brands that predict and convince peoples requirements and desires. Partners: cultivate a charming system of consumers and suppliers; collectively they produce common, lasting value. Planet: Be a conscientious national that makes a distinction by serving construct and maintain sustainable communities. Profit: exploit long-standing arrival to shareowners while being attentive of its all responsibilities. Productivity: Be an exceedingly efficient, lean and fast-moving organization. Task 2 Management of Financial Risk According to annual report, its clearly evident that, certain fiscal risks faced by Coca-Cola Hellenic occur from unfavourable variations foreign Exchange rates, in interest rates, product prices and other market risks. Company Board of Directors has accepted the Treasury Policy and graph of Authority, which mutually afford the organized framework designed for every treasury and treasury associated transactions. Currency Risk Given the Groups functioning performance, they are presenting to a major quantity of foreign currency risk. Coca-colas foreign currency disclosure comes up from disagreeable transforms in trade rates with the euro, the US dollar and the exchanges within its non-euro Kingdoms. Operation establishments begin mostly from the materials acquired in exchanges such as the US dollar or euro which can guide to maximum cost of trade in the functional currency of the country. Conversion establishments occur as several of its processing includes efficient currencies other than euro, and any change in the functional currency against the euro impacts our consolidated income statement and balance sheet when results are converted into euro. Coca-cola treasury plan involves the prevarication of progressing Twelve month estimated operational outcomes contained by the distinct least (25%) and maximum (80%) exposure stages. Prevaricating away from a Twelve month span may arise, theme to convinced greatest coverage levels, granted the estimated transactions are extremely credible. Where available, we use derivative financial instruments to reduce our net disclosure to currency changeability. These conventions generally established in one year. Interest Risk The Team represents to market risk occurring from varying interest rates, first and foremost in the euro zone. Intermittently they estimate the required combination of fixed and floating rate responsibility and adapt the interest expenses based on the required combination of debt. They cope up the interest rate expenditure by means of an arrangement of permanent and floating rate debt, interest rate switch and choice cap agreements. Though they have denial place of target for the assortment of set to floating rate liabilities, traditionally they have been extra showing to floating rates as this has be inclined to act as a expected evade against on the whole business risk. Credit Risk Credit risk is inhibited by a provisional procedure as to the option of probable oppose parties for treasury dealings. The Companys credit risk is handled by launching a permitted opponent party and country confines, detailing the highest experience that they organized to admit with deference to individual counterparties or countries. The restrictions are reconsidered and observed on an expected basis. Liquidity Risk The common strategy is to maintain a least quantity of liquidity engages in the structure of currency on the balance sheet when sustaining the stability of our liquidity engages in the variety of idle dedicated amenities, to make sure that the Company contain cost-effective admit to enough economic assets to convene the financial support desires. These embrace the routine backing of all its process in addition as the funding of the resource disbursement program. In order to alleviate the opportunity of liquidity limitations, Company make an effort to sustain a least of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬250 million of fiscal headroom. Monetary headroom refers to the surplus engaged funding obtainable, later than considering cash flows from functioning performance, dividends, acquisitions, tax expense, interest expense and capital expenditure requirements. Risk Map: 10 High 9 Quadrant II (Detect monitor) Quadrant I (Prevent at Sources) 8 Significance 7 6 Low 5 Quadrant IV (Low Control) Quadrant III (Monitor) 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 Low Likelihood High The risk map positions every risk in the next four Quadrants: Prevent at source risk Risks in this Quadrant are categorized as prime Risks and are rated High precedence. They are crucial risks that intimidate the accomplishment of concern purposes. These risks are mutually considerable in significance and probable to arise. They should be condensed or removed with defensive reins and must be organize assessment and testing. Detect and Monitor Risks Risks in the quadrant are momentous, but they are fewer possible to arise. To make certain that the risks stay little probability and are administered by the concern suitably, they require observing on a revolving base. Detective powers must be positioned into a place to make sure that these high consequence risks will be identified ahead of they crop up. These risks are second main concern behind prime risks. Monitor Risks Risks in the quadrant are not very important, but contain a superior possibility of happening. These risks should be watched properly to certify that they are being properly supervised and that their implication has not distorted due to varying business circumstances. Low Control Risks Risks in this quadrant are equally improbable to take place and not considerable. They involve least observing and supervise if not consequent risk category. Task 3 a) Risk Factors In Further the consequent issues, which may extensively influence the trade, financial circumstance or results of operations in future periods? The risks explained below are not the single risks facing Coca-Cola Company. Further risks not currently recognized by company or that they presently consider being inappropriate also may effectively unfavourably affect the business, economic condition or result of operations in future periods. Current risk faced by Coca-cola Health Concerned Risk Customers, communal physical condition officials and government officials are appropriately increasing concerned about the public fitness consequences connected with stoutness, mainly between adolescent populace. And also, few researchers, fitness supporters and nutritional procedures are cheering customers to decrease expenditure of sugar-sweetened drinks, together with those sugared with HFCS or other nutritive sweeteners. Rising community anxiety concerning these matters; probable new dues and law-making system concerns the advertising, labelling or accessibility of the drinks; and harmful promotion consequential from definite or endangered authorized performance in opposition to the coca-cola or other companies in its manufacture relating to the advertising, labelling or deal of sugar-sweetened drinks might decrease requirement for companys beverages, which may possibly influence its profitability. Environmental Risk H2o (water) is the major element in significantly all of the coca-cola products. It is also a partial source in several parts of the world, facing supreme disputes from over utilization, mounting contamination, broken administration and weather change. As requirement for water prolongs to enhance all-around the world, and as water becomes scarcer and the superiority of obtainable water deteriorates, Companys classification might obtain increasing production costs or face potential boundaries which could destructively change the productivity or net purposeful returns in the extended run. Business financial risk The non-alcoholic beverages business surroundings is hastily developing as a effect of, among other things, changes in customers inclinations, together with altered based on health and nutrition concerned and obesity anxieties; variable consumer tastes and needs; changes in customers standard of living; and spirited product and pricing demands. As well, their manufacturing is being affected by the trend toward consolidation in the market conduit, especially in Europe and the United States. If they are unable to successfully adapt to this rapidly changing environment, the companys share of sales, capacity growth and overall economic grades could be depressingly affected. Risk factors which the Company may face in future Technological Risk Coca-cola relies on data based knowledge system and schemes, include the Internet, to progression, broadcast and shop electronic information. Especially, Coca-cola depends on its information technology communications for digital advertising performance and electronic infrastructure in its areas approximately the world and between Company personnel and our bottlers and other customers and suppliers. Defence violation of this infrastructure can create system disruptions, shutdowns or unauthorized disclosure of classified information. If they are not capable to prevent such breaches, Companys operations could be interrupting, or they might undergo economical damage or loss because of lost or misappropriated information. Climate risk The sales of the products are inclined to several extents by climate circumstances in the markets in which they function. Strangely wintry or rainy weather conditions at some point in the summer months could have a provisional consequence on the insist for all its products and contribute to lower sales, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations for such periods) Risk analysis management techniques Risk management frequently concentrates on matters of indemnity. Conversely, there are number of further main considerations when evaluating areas of risk into a big business initially; they require equally reliability and the infrastructural proficiency to make the progression. Secondly, they should entirely recognize their association, and its progressions and objectives. And thirdly, they must be consisting of support and hold up from the association and the administrative team. Coca-cola Amatol (CCA) comes under the category of being risk conscious, but not obsessed by dictatorial condition. CCA is increasing its risk management representation to manage enterprise-wide and supply to the eventual productivity of the business. This result will be achieved not only by sustaining sound business decisions but also all the way through configuration of the organizations strategies with its shareholders and investors aspiration to make sure that efficient business authority is in place. CCA, inside the broader coca-cola structure, is on an ERM expedition. They are determined to take out the conventional split and soloed approach that regularly exists in organizations and they are responsibility so by taking an approval and possession of the risk management process. At CCA they know the significance of the essential values of the ERM process. They are: a dedication to the journey; an reasonable framework that embraces a general language; a uniform approach to- no matter the nature of the business unit or its objectives; a statement form that identifies stakeholders, corresponds the course and objectives; and drives literary modification; and ensuring advice of the outcome through an elimination of black holes or silos. Risk Management Plan There are four stages to risk management planning. They are:  · Risk recognition Risks Quantification Risk reaction Risk Monitoring and Control Types There are several definite risk management techniques as there are sort of industry, but once a risk has been recognized and considered, largely efforts at justifying the risk fall into four essential grouping in spite of the framework. The initial, prevention, can be as easy as not committing in activity that manufactures the risk, but this not only eradicates risk but potential benefits as well. Risk reduction through concrete steps is far more general, and the particulars will be associated to the type of business and risk involved. Risk transference is also highly advantageous as when an accessible choice; it involves outsourcing the difficulty to an additional article such as in the course of acquire of insurance. Ultimately, risk preservation is predictable in a few cases where the risks are either improbable, or the costs of explanatory or transferring the risk are excessive. C) Communicating with stake holders Many of coca-cola stakeholders consist of all those who are generally influenced by or who most influenced the means the company run the big business. This includes customers, consumers, contractors, and workers, Government supervisors, NGOs plus the confined communities in which the company operates. Coca-cola regularly connect with its major stakeholders as exposed in Diagram In addition, they conceded a detailed investigation in March 2007 to classify the most important areas of concern for its stakeholders. This implicated a succession of focal point groups with customers aged 18 and over and with workforce of both CCE and CCGB. It also incorporated the interviews with consumers, non-governmental organisations and the media. The study exposed a strong agreement of estimation between the diverse stakeholder groups and provided an obvious graph of the areas of liability they most require to concentrate on all these areas. Coca-cola stakeholder study has also helped out to refine its prospect strategy on communal and ecological issues. On every key subject it contains Next Step the act which has to be taken in the following year to certify that the business persists to make an optimistic impact. Consumer Communication On June 11 2010 Coca-cola has published that the Coca-cola Poland has completed a foremost move a head forward in how it instructs customers regarding recycling, by integrating its Recover-Recycle activity into every main coca-cola labelled or supported huge events this year. A vast My Coke sampling program, which happened between April and September 2010, is one of the key promoting performances where coca-cola Poland will report to customers about the profit of recycling through Recover-Recycle. Conclusion: There is no doubt that the Coca Cola is the second largest beverages company in the world. However, it should work on above mentioned deficiencies to overcome them and strive to make its competitors lagged behind. The Company coca-cola have a corporate (Head Office) section that is liable for giving the Company a largely course and provided that sustain to the provincial formation. Means considered choice at the Coca-Cola Corporation are completed by a managerial Committee of 12 concerned Officers. This commission assisted to form the six strategic priorities set out in previous. The financial resources allocation for the Vision 2020 had been discussed under the six Ps as laid out by the company. International through to grass-roots and the community, Coca-Cola has strengthened its position as a football insider and this helps to build the brand and corporate reputation of Coca-Cola. Last year, Coca-cola saw its sales decreased in UK market. In order to re create the sales, Coca-cola to define new communication plan such as Recover-Recycle activity.

Not a Pencil Essay -- Writing Technology Invention Essays

â€Å"Not a Pencil† Everyday millions of people around the world use some form of writing. When they send an e-mail, sign a check, or read a billboard these people are utilizing a technology that has been around for centuries. Like the wheel, writing is hardly ever viewed as a technology when compared to HD televisions, cell phones, and X Box. However, the way people write and what they use to write are more complex technologies than they seem. For nearly as long as writing has been around there have been those who have discussed, challenged and praised this technology, but these kinds of theories can sometimes be difficult for a literate person to consider. By trying to create a new writing technology, such theories become far easier to understand. As part of an assignment for my writing class, I was asked to invent my own writing technology including something to write with and on. For my writing technology, I formed words with the juices of leaves and wrote on a piece of bark. To do this, I first needed to find a piece of bark that was big enough to write on and light enough so that the writing would show up. After getting a few pieces of bark from the trees near my house, I began experimenting by printing on them with the leaves from a houseplant. I did this by twisting one end of the leaf and smearing it onto the bark. Once I figured out the bark that worked the best, I wrote the words â€Å"Not a pencil.† I wrote this for two reasons. One reason is because it pointed out another writing technology that people rarely consider, the pencil. Secondly, it referenced the emphasis Denis Baron puts on the pencil in his article, â€Å"From Pencils to Pixels.† How â€Å"good† my writing technology came out is dif... ...iting works the same way. My own experience with leaf juice and bark was a crude type of technology that probably won’t extend beyond my own one time use. If someone were to build off of that idea though, and maybe create a tool that dispensed leaf juice onto a very smooth, light-colored piece of bark, then this technology’s application may venture into many unknown abilities. Works Cited Tribble, Evelyn B. and Anne Trubek, eds. Writing Material: Readings from Plato to the Digital Age. New York: Longman, 2003. Baron, Dennis. â€Å"From Pencils to Pixels.† Tribble and Trubek 35-53. Baron, Naomi. â€Å"The Art and Science of Handwriting.† Tribble and Trubek 54-61. Ong, Walter. â€Å"Writing is a Technology that Restructures Thought.† Tribble and Trubek 315-37. Plato. â€Å"From Phaedrus.† Tribble and Trubek 360-64.

Equity law in New South Wales Essay

The Legal system in Australia follows the laws that were placed by the British as they fused most of their cultures and traditions on the people when they colonized the aboriginals. Since in England the laws of equity were mostly used together with the common law, then it was certain that they would use the same equity rules in NSW. Enacting these laws on a new country and state was not easy as the people were opposed to the idea of following English law. They viewed this as an unfair practice as they were governing their land and every aspect of their lives and on top of it they were going to impose their judicial systems. With time, they were overpowered by the British but with time; they saw sense in the laws that were being passed. The laws of England were thus enacted to be used in the judicial systems across Australia and this included New South Wales. Equity was one of the laws that were used in England to supplement the common laws that governed the land. Equity is as much important in New South Wales as it still is in England because it has helped in shaping the judicial system. The first courts in New South Wales (NSW) were adaptive to the needs of the society and were more so military in character. There was no formal process of proceedings and the powers of the governor were restricted. As time elapsed, the Supreme Court came to being to solve criminal and civil cases just as the way the King’s Bench operated in England. The equity law was going to bring about order in a system that was not fair to some people and they were simply going to add positive laws that would ensure that NSW laws were stronger, more practicable and could give varied solutions to the various problems in place. Equity law in most Australian states was administered since early times by the Supreme Court. Most states followed the judicature system where the both the common and equitable lawsuits were heard in the same court. New South Wales started incorporating the equity law in to its legal system in 1972 where specialists’ practitioners who mastered the law oversaw the proceedings which are still followed till today. This has increased the popularity of the equity law which has enabled the development and enhancements of the common law doctrines. Equity law is made on the fundamental principle of enhancing equitable in legal issues . The study of the equity law principles as used in England has really helped in the restructuring law procedures and making them simpler for the law enforcers as well as the parties involved to understand. One of the areas that the equity law has improved on in NSW is the contract law. The contract law has its foundations on the English common law practices with a few modifications in specific areas. The contract laws as used in the state are also made upon the various bids that have been passed in the Australian parliament. Equity has helped in the formation of contract law and the procedures that need to be followed when a particular party breaches the contract. The laws formed are what are mostly used to govern trade transactions local, regional and international and employment contracts under the labour laws. In solving contact cases, the NSW courts, they usually look at how several cases were or are still handled in England courts such as in their court of appeals, Kings Bench, House of Lords UK and Courts of Common Pleas UK among other courts so that they can apply the same principles. Most of New South Wales acts had provisions to give relief against some contract obligations and sometimes to reform the contracts. That is why over the century there have been contractual reforms to give freedom to the contract theory that sometimes would dent interference in other forms of laws. Equity therefore has played a major part in unjust enrichment and restitution of the law. Property laws also follow equitable principles in New South Wales. This is taken from how in England there was a need for people were supposed to be returned to the original positions they were in before damage or loss of property took place. Equity therefore, offers practicable terms of solving lawsuit cases. For example, when a person takes someone’s property and they do not return it. The owner filing the case would like to have it back instead of just being compensated in monetary terms. This is in contract to the common law system which will only make sure that the plaintiff is paid in replace for the property. Therefore, equity is not achieved in this case. This is applicable in the way property laws have been developed in NSW where in 1987 the Residential tenancies Act was placed giving certain rights to the owners of land or property and their tenants. This was in the form of an agreement that made sure that the tenants were not charged high rents and landlords gained from the rent they received. An Act for combining certain laws relating to land title deeds and assignments was enacted in 1898 in NSW. The Real Property Act was an improvement of the 1898 laws that made legal provisions for the transfer of land and their titles. In 1919, the Conveyancing act was made to combine the property laws and enhance conveyancing and other acts that influenced it. In 1994, the Retail Leases Act was used to add onto the property laws so as to create formal laws that aided leasing of retail shops while stating the rights of the lessors and lessees. Equity was established in the corporations’ law and was used in England to govern and address the various problems that business entities faced. Some of the underlying principles that were used are seen in the way corporation cases are solved in the NSW; for instance, in the termination of business practices like partnerships and mergers and the amount of compensation that either party is supposed to receive. Nowadays, the equity law in New South Wales is enforced under the Law Reform (Law and Equity) Act of 1972. It is here that the rules of equity and also the law are listed and in case there are conflicts, just as before, the equity rules prevail. This act is continually amended by the State governor as need arises. The laws of England are therefore necessary in New South Wales because it is essentially an English state. The Supreme Court in NSW which is the highest level of court in the state handles both civil and criminal cases and follows the equity law. In mid 19th century, the colonialists in this case the British used a lot of the equity law in passing judgments and they even went further to pass the Colonial Legislature Act and the Justice Act which led to the establishment of the Equity law system. In NSW, the equity law is all about fairness. The equity principles are still being used in amending some of the constitutional laws that apply to the rest of the country and are also applicable to the state. The equity law system is important in NSW as it gives the judge the power to make valid decisions and pass sentences based on evidence as well as use morally agreed practices that will ensure that the plaintiff and defendant have been given an equal opportunity to defend themselves. One area that equity law is been use in is in the recovery of debts which are mainly faced by in national and also international trade transactions. Here, it states what actions are taken for people w ho breach contracts, the rights to own property as well as problems that face various business organizations like partnerships, corporations and trusts. From seeing how the equity law has helped in the administration of justice, we see that there is more to just learning the rules that are used in equity law but there is also a need to understand the history because the laws are developed as time, events and the context in which they are applied change. It is important to study the history of the law though found in a foreign country as it enables legal practitioners and law students to understand its formation and why equality is such a common area of discussion. Moreover, reading about the history as it is applicable in England enables NSW legal makers to know how similar cases can be solved in the state and even define new ways of solving legal issues thus strengthening the equity law. Conclusion Equity in New South Wales has changed in time and distance but this system of law has borrowed a lot from legal practices that are used in England. As the State becomes politically independent, it has developed its own laws that are used to decide over cases but they still take into consideration the common law practices and equity principles. These laws have enabled proper governance and the administration of justice as the equity laws have enabled individuals to defend their rights, own property, enter into proper formal transactions and continually amend the laws for the good off all New South Welsers. Equity law in NSW is therefore backed by a strong history and revolution that makes it practicable in law thus enhancing the perfection of modern equity. References Abel, R. L. & Lewis P. C Lawyers in Society: The Common Law World, Beard Books, 1988 p. 265 Comyns, J. , Hammond, A. & Day T. A Digest of the Laws of England, 5th Ed. Collins & Hannay, 1826 p. 405 Cope, M. & Queensland University of Technology. Equity: issues and trends: the importance and pervasiveness of equitable doctrines and principles in modern private, commercial, and public law. Federation Press, 1995 p. 156 Gilbert, G. & Great Britain Court of King’s Bench. Cases in Law and Equity: Argued, Debated and Adjudged in the King’s Bench and Chancery, in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Years of Queen Anne. Catherine Lintot, 1760 p. 27, 53 Great Britain Courts & Leach T. Modern reports; or, Select cases adjudged in the courts of King’s bench, Chancery, Common pleas, and Exchequer †¦ : 1663-1755, 5th Ed. G. G. J. and J. Robinson, 1796 Hale, M. & Gray C. M. The history of the common law of England, 3rd Ed. University of Chicago Press, 1971 Kercher B. Debt, seduction and other disasters: the birth of civil law in convict New South Wales Federation Press, 1996 Navado lawyers and solicitors: Strategic solutions, dynamic people. http://www. navado. com. au/Practice-Areas/Equity-Law-Trusts-Law/ Retrieved on April 6, 2009 Neal D. The Rule of Law in a Penal Colony: Law and Politics in Early New South Wales Cambridge University Press, 2002 p. 75

An Introduction to the Dunning-Kruger Effect

An Introduction to the Dunning-Kruger Effect At one point or another, you’ve probably heard someone speak with confidence on a topic that they actually know almost nothing about. Psychologists have studied this topic, and they’ve suggested a somewhat surprising explanation, known as the Dunning-Kruger effect: when people don’t know much about a topic, they’re often actually unaware of the limits of their knowledge, and think they know more than they actually do. Below, we’ll review what the Dunning-Kruger effect is, discuss how it affects people’s behavior, and explore ways that people can become more knowledgeable and overcome the Dunning-Kruger effect. What is the Dunning-Kruger Effect? The Dunning-Kruger effect refers to the finding that people who are relatively unskilled or unknowledgeable in a particular subject sometimes have the tendency to overestimate their knowledge and abilities.   In a set of studies testing this effect, researchers Justin Kruger and David Dunning asked participants to complete tests of their skills in a particular domain (such as humor or logical reasoning).   Then, participants were asked to guess how well they had done on the test.   They found that participants tended to overestimate their abilities, and this effect was most pronounced among participants with the lowest scores on the test.   For example, in one study, participants were given a set of practice LSAT problems to complete. Participants who actually scored in the bottom 25% guessed that their score put them in the 62nd percentile of participants. Why Does the Dunning-Kruger Effect Happen? In an interview with Forbes, David Dunning explains that â€Å"the knowledge and intelligence that are required to be good at a task are often the same qualities needed to recognize that one is not good at that task.†Ã‚   In other words, if someone knows very little about a particular topic, they may not even know enough about the topic to realize that their knowledge is limited. Importantly, someone may be highly skilled in one area, but be susceptible to the Dunning-Kruger effect in another domain. This means that everyone can potentially be affected by the Dunning-Kruger effect: Dunning explains in an article for Pacific Standard that â€Å"it may be sorely tempting to think this doesn’t apply to you. But the problem of unrecognized ignorance is one that visits us all.†Ã‚   In other words, the Dunning-Kruger effect is something that can happen to anyone. What About People Who Actually Are Experts? If people who know quite little about a topic think they’re experts, what do experts think of themselves? When Dunning and Kruger conducted their studies, they also looked at people who were quite skilled at the tasks (those scoring in the top 25% of participants).   They found that these participants tended to have a more accurate view of their performance than participants in the bottom 25%, but they actually had a tendency  to underestimate how they did relative to other participants- although they typically guessed their performance was above average, they didn’t realize quite how well they had done. As a TED-Ed video explains, â€Å"Experts tend to be aware of just how knowledgeable they are. But they often make a different mistake: They assume that everyone else is knowledgeable too.† Overcoming the Dunning-Kruger Effect What can people do to overcome the Dunning-Kruger effect?   A TED-Ed video on the Dunning-Kruger effect offers some advice: â€Å"keep learning.†Ã‚   In fact, in one of their famous studies, Dunning and Kruger had some of the participants take a logic test and then complete a short training on logical reasoning. After the training, the participants were asked to assess how they’d done on the previous test. The researchers found that the training made a difference: afterwards, the participants who scored in the bottom 25% lowered their estimate of how well they thought they had done on the preliminary test. In other words, one way to overcome the Dunning-Kruger effect may be to learn more about a topic. However, when learning more about a topic, it’s important to make sure that we avoid confirmation bias, which is â€Å"the tendency to accept evidence that confirms our beliefs and to reject evidence that contradicts them.†Ã‚   As Dunning explains, overcoming the Dunning-Kruger effect can sometimes be a complicated process, especially if it forces us to realize that we were previously misinformed. His advice? He explains that â€Å"the trick is to be your own devil’s advocate: to think through how your favored conclusions might be misguided; to ask yourself how you might be wrong, or how things might turn out differently from what you expect.† The Dunning-Kruger effect suggests that we may not always know as much as we think we do- in some domains, we may not know enough about a topic to realize that we are unskilled. However, by challenging ourselves to learn more and by reading about opposing views, we can work to overcome the Dunning-Kruger effect. References Dunning, D. (2014).   We are all confident idiots.   Pacific Standard.   https://psmag.com/social-justice/confident-idiots-92793 Hambrick, D.Z. (2016).   The psychology of the breathtakingly stupid mistake.   Scientific American Mind.   https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-psychology-of-the-breathtakingly-stupid-mistake/ Kruger, J., Dunning, D. (1999).   Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing ones own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments.   Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1121-1134. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12688660_Unskilled_and_Unaware_of_It_How_Difficulties_in_Recognizing_Ones_Own_Incompetence_Lead_to_Inflated_Self-Assessments Lopez, G. (2017).   Why incompetent people often think they’re actually the best.   Vox.   https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2017/11/18/16670576/dunning-kruger-effect-video Murphy, M. (2017).   The Dunning-Kruger effect shows why some people think theyre great even when their work is terrible.   Forbes.   https://www.forbes.com/sites/markmurphy/2017/01/24/the-dunning-kruger-effect-shows-why-some-people-think-theyre-great-even-when-their-work-is-terrible/#1ef2fc125d7c Wednesday Studio (Director) (2017).   Why incompetent people think they’re amazing.   TED-Ed.   https://www.youtube.com/watch?vpOLmD_WVY-E

Pros and Cons of Homeschooling for Military Families

Pros and Cons of Homeschooling for Military Families With military families changing duty stations an average of six to nine times over a 20-year career, homeschooling has a distinct appeal. Ensuring that military kids get a high-quality education can be challenging. It’s no secret that states may have discrepancies in educational requirements (though Common Core serves to narrow these gaps) and this can lead to gaps or repetition in a child’s education. While there are programs in place to help children keep consistency in their academic journey, there are no guarantees. As a result, some military families end up thinking about whether part-time or full-time homeschooling might provide a workable solution.   Parents considering making the switch to homeschooling should consider the pros and cons of this form of education before leaving traditional schooling behind. Homeschooling Benefits Homeschooling allows children to follow an individualized learning plan. Whether you decide to use a correspondence program or complete your own lesson plans, you can work at a pace that fits your child’s unique learning style. And if your children have different approaches and strengths in school, you can use different curriculum providers for different members of the family. Homeschooling also provides flexibility for families. If youre facing a military move in the middle of the school year, no problem! You decide when â€Å"summer† vacation occurs. You can give your child three one-month breaks throughout the year, a standard three-month summer, or whatever works for your family. To keep the kids on track, give them a book list to read on your travels, and let them prepare a presentation on their favorite. With homeschooling, the curriculum progresses consistently at your child’s unique learning rate, no matter where you are. From Germany to Lewis-McCord, you’re covered on every base! This is a huge benefit for military families. Many home teaching and correspondence programs have online options that allow you to connect to top-tier teaching facilities. Homeschooling Challenges One of the great things about school is the social interactions they allow children to have with peers. Homeschooling a child limits these interactions, but, fortunately, many military bases have activities and camps that allow kids to connect with one another. You can also get involved with a local place of worship or community recreation facility to find opportunities for children to get out of the house and meet new friends. You may also be able to get together with other homeschooling families, which will give the kids an opportunity to socialize or work on team projects. Parents who homeschool also face the challenge of deciding whether theyre equipped to teach their children a variety of subjects. Many people struggle in at least one subject area, and some states have determined that parents should be qualified to teach their children. As a result, they have implemented homeschool parent qualification requirements. Make sure you meet these requirements before you start down the homeschool path. If you struggle in a certain area, a correspondence or distance learning program might make more sense for that subject. If several subjects are difficult for you, homeschooling may not be a good fit for your family at all. It’s all about knowing your own limits and doing what’s best for your children. That said, if there are other homeschooling families nearby, you may be able to rely on other parents’ strengths in areas where you’re a little weaker, and vice versa. Keep in mind that should you be reassigned to a different city, youll likely lose access to these parents. Finally, homeschooling your children may mean they miss out on college scholarships from participating in sports or other extracurricular activities. However, changing duty stations in the middle of high school might have the same effect. To help your teens qualify for college scholarships, you may want to consider enrolling them in community college courses and programs that will demonstrate their initiative and academic ability instead.

The eNotes Blog New! eNotes AnnotatedTexts

New! AnnotatedTexts As the Literature Experts, we’re excited about learning and obsessed with reading. We love books in all forms- from dusty tomes found in the back of used bookstores to sleek, new e-reading technologies. Because of the wide accessibility of digital reading, its no surprise that digital texts are becoming increasingly popular in and out of the classroom. To further our commitment to accessible education and literature, were excited to unveil Annotated Texts! Our digital text library features hundreds of works of public domain literature available to read online now for free. These texts have been annotated by our staff of literary experts, helping readers engage more meaningfully with these important literary works. Let’s take a look at five major benefits of annotated texts. The Benefits of Annotated Texts 1. Affordable Alternative to Printed Books One of the most appealing advantages of a digital library is its cost benefits. On average, students are spending $1,168 per year on textbooks while 94% of United States teachers reported spending their own money on classroom supplies. Digital texts eliminate the cost of shipping and delivery, which ultimately saves people money (and trees!). With hundreds of free books already available, plus new additions every month, our digital texts are an accessible alternative to purchasing hard copies of public-domain texts. Utilizing digital texts will eliminate the need to purchase books in print, while ensuring the texts do not get lost or damaged. 2. Helps Develop Close Reading Skills Close reading is a valuable skill for students to learn in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of a text. It’s a skill that helps students formulate an analysis of the entire work rather than summarizing what they’ve read. When individuals are told to teach or perform close readings, they often lack examples. Our annotations serve as models for teachers and students so that they can practice how to effectively conduct a close reading and become familiar with the process before dissecting intimidating pieces of literature. 3. Easy to Obtain We understand that finding and creating quality teaching and study aids can be time-consuming. That’s why we’ve compiled our annotated texts within their corresponding study guides to ensure you can access all relevant information in one place. With a vast library of study guides that include summaries, analyses, and criticisms, there are tons of supporting resources to accompany digital texts. Teaching students to actively engage with a text will help them stay focused and retain more information. 4. Creates an Inclusive Learning Environment Every student has a different learning style, so it’s important for teachers to create an inclusive learning environment where their students feel supported and inspired to learn. With a wide range of teaching resources that pair with digital texts, teachers can spend more time focusing on what types of material will help their students succeed rather than creating content themselves. Plus, the mobile-friendly addition of annotated texts allows students to read and research hundreds of titles from the palm of their hand. 5. Encourages Quality Interactions Teachers are responsible for creating effective and engaging curriculum that promote meaningful interactions among their students. Adopting annotated texts in a teaching curriculum allows teachers to create interactive activities for their students. Annotated texts allow teachers the ability to communicate with their students through shared annotations and notes. Teachers can highlight specific areas of digital texts to facilitate group discussions or create learning activities. This is also a great way for teachers to point out specific content for students to review and prepare for future assessments.

The Westwood High School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Westwood High School - Essay Example The institution was found to suffer from several happenings in a continual manner like losing in the state basketball tournament, death of a teacher due to accident, and suspension of students owing to issues like plagiarism. However of late it is found that the sudden emergence of some scintillating incidents inside the school premises has in total disturbed the educational atmosphere of the institution. The region of Winterhaven was considered as a peace loving locality whose people worked to restore the both the aesthetics and quality of life in the region. In the current scenario however it is observed that the region is increasingly becoming the haven of drug takers and other anti-social people. This rise in criminal activity in the region has also gained roots in the campus of Westwood School where large amount of weaponry was recovered in recent times. This rise in the level of criminal activity in the school campus gained impetus because of the prevalence of an open campus fo r which miscreants from outside gained the chance of penetrating inside during the recess hours. An incident of firing in which a student of the school got injured by the act of an outsider and also the rise in the taking of drugs inside the campus disturbed the school’s atmosphere to a very high extent. ... The rise in the number of anti-socials is found to gain a huge spur in the Chicago region like that happening in the region of Winterhaven in Washington who targets intruding the educational premises in an enhanced manner (Associated Press). Alternative Suggestions for the Identified Problem The problem been specifically identified in the above case large number of potential suggestions can be rendered to the high school administration committee to help take care of the young students. Several alternative solutions like putting barbed wire for proper fencing of the school premises can be done to reduce the level of intrusions of the miscreants. Again the frequency of conducting security checks can be increased inside the school premises wherein the bags and lockers of the students can be checked by members of the school community. This activity is considered would deter the students from carrying harmful weapons and drugs provided by the outsiders. However in addition to these kind o f physical activities the school authorities and the governing body can also take the help of technical elements like putting of hidden cameras and videos across the school campus to gain live footages of student activities in a spontaneous manner. Metal detectors can also be rendered in the hands of the security guards who can do checking of the school bags of the students at the time of entry. Vehicles parked in the parking lots of the school preemies must be frequently checked to avoid the rise of such criminal activities. Moreover the school authorities are also required to encourage the support from civilian armies like police and other investigating teams who would help in tracking down

Siddhartha Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Siddhartha - Essay Example Theoretically, it is a justified and beautiful allegory of man's inner desire for peace and rebirth. It greatly shows the eternal oneness of man with his environment. Calvin (1996) asserted that Siddhartha is the best of Hermann Hesse's outstanding collection of work. De Rossi (1999) described Siddhartha as poetic, vibrant and extremely captivating resulting to a work of pure and inconceivable art. The Indian tale, Siddhartha, is the story of the spiritual awakening of an Indian man born from a wealthy Brahmin family. He was exposed to the extremities of man's wanting made of lust and greed and thus, he decided to leave his family and wealth to gain freedom to do whatever he likes. This stubbornness resulted to a child born out of wedlock. Yet, these material illusions caused by Siddhartha's desire to enjoy life have bored him and out of despair, he came to a river. He then heard a peculiar sound which signaled his enlightenment. This marked a new life for him, a life with inner peace and wisdom, which he never knew he had been wanting for a long time. As a young man blessed with intelligence and charm, he first believed that the true meaning of life was using his assets to live life to the fullest. In his quest for spiritual enlightenment, he wandered, hoping to eventually find what he was looking for. Then, he met a ferryman who was sitting in the shade of a banyan tree, listening to the sound of a river. The ferryman was believed by many natives as a sage but in fact, he was once a wandering shramana and a follower of Gotama, the Buddha. Siddhartha, on the other hand, was not a follower of Buddha. He grew up following his own desires without being enraptured by anyone's sermons but himself. Yet, after a long quest for truth and satisfaction, he later found what he was looking for. The ferryman and the friendships he gained in his quest has greatly helped him search his path. Neither did he found it in material things nor in other person's wealth. He found his true self, uncovered by the light of his own spirit. Overall, the book Siddhartha comprises of a mutual combination of man's angst and selfishness. It teaches life-earned lessons Siddhartha learned himself in his journey for inner peace. It is a superbly written spiritual quest. Theoretically, Siddhartha represents an ordinary man of today born with almost every material gift life has to offer. Yet, in his maturity, he later finds out that an enlightened path of life is not taught nor practiced. It is earned through experience. Hence, one has to experience years of the sorrows and joys of life before he finds what he was really searching for. Since the plot is set on India, it is a moral metaphor of Indian theology. The story, itself, depicts man's mystery of loneliness and discontent. It metaphorically shows how the protagonist goes through the various stages of life in order to gain enlightenment and complete rebirth. The happiness he later earned was the result of the complexities he earned

Standard Alignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Standard Alignment - Essay Example Language arts mainly consisted of lessons to be learnt, poems to be recited, and grammar to be understood. If we consider standard alignment in the learnings we had, it can be said that the courseware and the approach was horizontally aligned. By horizontal alignment we mean that the standards, curriculum etc. was in accordance with the age of a child and the content delivered to any child of that age was both sufficient and necessary. Since the knowledge of language is not only restricted to knowing how to speak and write, it is very much required that all parts of language are covered in the early education which will also help cultivate interest in the child for the language. Therefore, the early education was horizontally well aligned. Another subject of major importance was Maths. Maths is a subject of vital importance as it marks the beginning of a calculated approach. It involves a child's brain to the maximum and the basic art of calculation is required in every sphere of life. Even for people who do not work, calculations and simple mathematics play a major part in dealing with day to day activities. The early education given to us about Maths comprised of counting. Counting forms the basis of every kind of calculations. The early education also focuses on minor additions and subtractions.

Should the government provide free public education to children of Essay

Should the government provide free public education to children of illegal immigrants - Essay Example Illegal immigrants in the USA generally belong to the lowest socioeconomic status among all classes of people in the USA and increase the poverty in the country. They also cause violence to get money and things because they cannot get employed in the legal way. The government should not provide free public education to children of illegal immigrants because this not only encourages illegal immigrants to come to the USA but also increases the challenges for the indigenous population and legal migrants. Providing the children of illegal immigrants with free public education essentially means encouraging more people to immigrate to the USA illegally. â€Å"The prevailing image of undocumented workers in the United States is that of a population with low levels of educational attainment, employed in sectors supplying low-skilled jobs† (Rivera-Batiz, 2001, p. 2). People want better education and better employment opportunities. They do not care whether they are legal or illegal in the country as long as being illegal does not deprive them of the rights that the legal residents of the country enjoy. If the government starts providing free public education to the children of illegal immigrants, the population of illegal immigrants in the USA would increase manifolds. Along with the increase in population, the challenges for the government as well as the native population would be maximized. The government would have to arrange food, and provide for the needs of a larger population of citizens than what it does now. This would increase the economic burden on the USA and the country’s economy would be affected in a negative way. Providing the children of illegal immigrants with free education in public schools is ethically wrong because this means funding their education with the money of the tax-paying legal residents. In the USA, the cost of living is very high. In a vast majority of families, both husband and wife work to manage the expenses of the whol e family. Many people in the USA do more than one job to make enough money to live a happy life. People work so much that there is very little time for recreation. A significant portion of their hard earned money goes to the government in the form of taxes. Having worked so hard to make this money, the legal residents of the USA deserve to have their tax-money used by the government in such ways that would benefit them in the long run. If the government uses the money collected from the taxes on funding the education of children of illegal immigrants in schools, this might occur as a compromise upon the quality of education of the children of the legal residents. Many public schools in the USA in which the children of legal residents are gaining education require more funds to raise the quality of education. Spending money on such schools for better education of the children of legal residents would be a much better use of money than spending them on the education of the children of illegal immigrants. Critics may argue that if the government bans free education to the children of illegal immigrants in the public schools in the USA, the illegal immigrants would never be able to upgrade their standard of living and would continue to live in poverty for generations. The answer to this counterargument is simple; illegal immigrants are not the problem of the government of the USA because their legal status in the country is nil. An individual is only entitled to have benefits in a country when his/her legal status

Comparative politics wk1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparative politics wk1 - Essay Example However, as the other developing countries emphasize on industrialization to foster economic development, they should consider challenges that come with industrialization, which affect the biodiversity and the environment. As industrialization gets encouraged among nations, employment, trading, and production among other benefits increases, but the side effects are noticed later after having caused much damage within and outside their context far beyond the society, organization or the nations’ control. Industrialization as an economic development strategy has led to many environmental problems, which could challenge any newly industrializing country. Industrialization Ideology and Environmental Problems The economists believe in utilization of any space and scarce resources for production as sources for wealth generation. Industrialization has worked well towards this principle leading to different kinds of factories, companies, and production firms advancing the economy thro ugh increasing GDP, employment opportunities, exports, and household income flows among others. Industrialization is viewed as a concept of industrial revolution in an area based upon technology, factories, and commerce away from entire dependency on agriculture. According to Seshandri (1991), it occurs in two senses; as a procedure which has invariably been the accompaniment or a result of economic development, or rather as set of policies leading towards economic development. In industrialization, developing factories and industries make use of the idle population as the labor force among other capital, raw materials and land inputs, but the end products introduce more harm in the environment. Environmental degradation cannot be separated from industrial processes. The growth and expansion of most processing industries not only in production, but also in transport, lighting, and other supporting industrial sectors bring about pollution as a major effect on the surroundings. Taking an example of manufacturing industries, â€Å"the most common waste products are smoke, fumes and chemicals, which can pollute the air and water supplies† (Mweti and Wyk n.d., 9). Both air and water pollution has serious effects that spread into different regions, affecting climate changes and access to clean water respectively. Other environmental problems are noise pollution and disposal of solid waste material, either on the land or buried near human settlements. Technology has lead to development of new chemicals and reactions used in the different industries to fasten and improve qualities, where used in production. Environmental Problems Caused by Industrialization In the industries, especially in manufacturing factories of agricultural and chemical products, before the end product is delivered, the consumption of power and water are key features. Depending on the mode of heating, smoke becomes an issue that the neighboring society has to deal with. It is accompanied b y emission of harmful gases that affect the respiratory systems of human beings and animals, as far as it can reach through the air. More of this is the global warming impact influencing the climate of an area. Consequently, the rain schedules delay and patterns change adversely affecting the farmers, who rely on the available good climate for their crop production. For machines to operate efficiently, it has been a matter of improving

Review of One Film Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Review of One Film - Research Paper Example This paper assesses the film for its cultural and historical value by examining the movie from the idea for the film, the drafting of the script, production and post-production exposure and results. Film critic and freelance journalist, Josh Winning (2010) provides thorough insight into back story for Back to the Future. According to Winning (2010), the idea for the film originated with producer Bob Gale and writer/director Robert Zemickis. Both Gale and Zemickis had produced a few films together and had always wanted to produce a time travel film. The idea for Back to the Future originated with Gale back in 1980 when he visited his parents and came across his father’s high school yearbook. Gale found himself wondering what kind of a high school teen his father was and speculated over how he might have reacted to his father had he attended school with him. It was this thinking that gave birth to the idea for Back to the Future (Winning, 2010). Upon his return to Los Angeles, G ale pitched the idea to Zemickis, who speculated over what Gale’s mother might have been like in highschool and the idea for Back to the Future was complete. Together, Gale and Zemichis took their idea to Columbia Pictures and a developmental contract was signed and the two began working on drafting a script. The script was designed to transport 17 year old Marty back to a time when his parents were teens in high school. This meant that Marty would have to go back to the 1950s, an important time in American history and culture development. This was an era in which teens gained some form of economic power and freedom and became empowered (Winning, 2010). The first draft for the script was completed in 1981 and featured Marty as a video pirate and the time machine was largely a fridge. A second draft in 1981 changed Marty to a â€Å"wannabe rock star† and modernised the time machine (Winning, 2010). Ian Nathan (2010) of Empire magazine provides insight into the making of the film Back to the Future by interviewing Gale and Zemickis and executive producer Steven Spielberg who worked with the draft scripts. According to Spielberg, the first draft was a bit too clean and would not hold up against the raunchy comedies that were currently dominating the box office. Moreover, the time machine seemed so stationery and would have had limited mobility for the time traveller. On this basis, the first draft was rejected by Columbia Pictures and a more mobile time machine with wheels was devised for the second draft which was shopped around. The script went back and forth between studios and Gale and Zemickis at least forty times before a final draft with an acceptable level of edginess was achieved. Spielberg acted as an advisor, mediating between various studios and Gale and Zemickis, trying to preserve the integrity of Gale and Zemickis’ ideas and helping them to finally sell the final draft to Universal Pictures (Nathan, 2010). Upon accepting the dr aft, Sid Sheinberg at Universal made three notes to the script. First, the character Dr. Emmett Brown could not be called â€Å"professor† as that would be â€Å"too corny† (Nathan, 2010). Secondly, Brown’s mascot could not be a chimpanzee as no movie with a chimpanzee in it has ever been a hit. Thirdly, the movie title had to be changed from Back to the Future to Spaceman from Pluto. However, Gale and Zemickis would not agree to a movie title change and with Spielberg’

Should the government provide free public education to children of Essay

Should the government provide free public education to children of illegal immigrants - Essay Example Illegal immigrants in the USA generally belong to the lowest socioeconomic status among all classes of people in the USA and increase the poverty in the country. They also cause violence to get money and things because they cannot get employed in the legal way. The government should not provide free public education to children of illegal immigrants because this not only encourages illegal immigrants to come to the USA but also increases the challenges for the indigenous population and legal migrants. Providing the children of illegal immigrants with free public education essentially means encouraging more people to immigrate to the USA illegally. â€Å"The prevailing image of undocumented workers in the United States is that of a population with low levels of educational attainment, employed in sectors supplying low-skilled jobs† (Rivera-Batiz, 2001, p. 2). People want better education and better employment opportunities. They do not care whether they are legal or illegal in the country as long as being illegal does not deprive them of the rights that the legal residents of the country enjoy. If the government starts providing free public education to the children of illegal immigrants, the population of illegal immigrants in the USA would increase manifolds. Along with the increase in population, the challenges for the government as well as the native population would be maximized. The government would have to arrange food, and provide for the needs of a larger population of citizens than what it does now. This would increase the economic burden on the USA and the country’s economy would be affected in a negative way. Providing the children of illegal immigrants with free education in public schools is ethically wrong because this means funding their education with the money of the tax-paying legal residents. In the USA, the cost of living is very high. In a vast majority of families, both husband and wife work to manage the expenses of the whol e family. Many people in the USA do more than one job to make enough money to live a happy life. People work so much that there is very little time for recreation. A significant portion of their hard earned money goes to the government in the form of taxes. Having worked so hard to make this money, the legal residents of the USA deserve to have their tax-money used by the government in such ways that would benefit them in the long run. If the government uses the money collected from the taxes on funding the education of children of illegal immigrants in schools, this might occur as a compromise upon the quality of education of the children of the legal residents. Many public schools in the USA in which the children of legal residents are gaining education require more funds to raise the quality of education. Spending money on such schools for better education of the children of legal residents would be a much better use of money than spending them on the education of the children of illegal immigrants. Critics may argue that if the government bans free education to the children of illegal immigrants in the public schools in the USA, the illegal immigrants would never be able to upgrade their standard of living and would continue to live in poverty for generations. The answer to this counterargument is simple; illegal immigrants are not the problem of the government of the USA because their legal status in the country is nil. An individual is only entitled to have benefits in a country when his/her legal status

Review of One Film Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Review of One Film - Research Paper Example This paper assesses the film for its cultural and historical value by examining the movie from the idea for the film, the drafting of the script, production and post-production exposure and results. Film critic and freelance journalist, Josh Winning (2010) provides thorough insight into back story for Back to the Future. According to Winning (2010), the idea for the film originated with producer Bob Gale and writer/director Robert Zemickis. Both Gale and Zemickis had produced a few films together and had always wanted to produce a time travel film. The idea for Back to the Future originated with Gale back in 1980 when he visited his parents and came across his father’s high school yearbook. Gale found himself wondering what kind of a high school teen his father was and speculated over how he might have reacted to his father had he attended school with him. It was this thinking that gave birth to the idea for Back to the Future (Winning, 2010). Upon his return to Los Angeles, G ale pitched the idea to Zemickis, who speculated over what Gale’s mother might have been like in highschool and the idea for Back to the Future was complete. Together, Gale and Zemichis took their idea to Columbia Pictures and a developmental contract was signed and the two began working on drafting a script. The script was designed to transport 17 year old Marty back to a time when his parents were teens in high school. This meant that Marty would have to go back to the 1950s, an important time in American history and culture development. This was an era in which teens gained some form of economic power and freedom and became empowered (Winning, 2010). The first draft for the script was completed in 1981 and featured Marty as a video pirate and the time machine was largely a fridge. A second draft in 1981 changed Marty to a â€Å"wannabe rock star† and modernised the time machine (Winning, 2010). Ian Nathan (2010) of Empire magazine provides insight into the making of the film Back to the Future by interviewing Gale and Zemickis and executive producer Steven Spielberg who worked with the draft scripts. According to Spielberg, the first draft was a bit too clean and would not hold up against the raunchy comedies that were currently dominating the box office. Moreover, the time machine seemed so stationery and would have had limited mobility for the time traveller. On this basis, the first draft was rejected by Columbia Pictures and a more mobile time machine with wheels was devised for the second draft which was shopped around. The script went back and forth between studios and Gale and Zemickis at least forty times before a final draft with an acceptable level of edginess was achieved. Spielberg acted as an advisor, mediating between various studios and Gale and Zemickis, trying to preserve the integrity of Gale and Zemickis’ ideas and helping them to finally sell the final draft to Universal Pictures (Nathan, 2010). Upon accepting the dr aft, Sid Sheinberg at Universal made three notes to the script. First, the character Dr. Emmett Brown could not be called â€Å"professor† as that would be â€Å"too corny† (Nathan, 2010). Secondly, Brown’s mascot could not be a chimpanzee as no movie with a chimpanzee in it has ever been a hit. Thirdly, the movie title had to be changed from Back to the Future to Spaceman from Pluto. However, Gale and Zemickis would not agree to a movie title change and with Spielberg’

Kite Runner Essay Example for Free

Kite Runner Essay Hassan Amirs best childhood friend. He was often bullied by Assef and his followers Kamal and Wali. He was Alis son even though later in the novel, it is revealed that he is truly the son of Baba and Amirs brother. Late in the book, they allow us to know by saying that there is a special closeness that people who fed from the same breasts share. He was poorly educated and stood up for what he believed in, even if it meant dying for it. He always stood up for Amir no matter what the consequence, even if its him being raped. In the end of the novel, he does get shot for not giving up Amirs property after he had moved to America. Amir The main character who is the son of Baba. His mother died during childbirth. He always holds himself responsible and wonders what things would be like if his mother had not died. He has always looked up to Baba and wondered why Baba is so distant with his emotions. He befriended Hassan as a child and they became inseparable. He was educated and read to Hassan often but every so often he did become a victim of peer pressure and bullied Hassan even though Hassan would always stand up for him. Assef The bully in Amir and Hassans childhood story. He thought he was better than them both and always referred to Hassan as a Hazara, and wonders why Amir hangs out with him. Amir is a Pashtun which are referred to as the Real Afghans He later grew up to be a part of the extremist group called the Taliban and tried to control the people of Afghanistan. He ruled a trafficking system that Amir later saved a child from. Baba Amirs father who only wanted a better life for his son. Baba always tried to make Amir stand up for himself and tried to make his son be more like him. Baba is a very noble and well respected man, is not able to connect, nor understand his twelve year old son, Amir. This lack of understanding, leads to Baba not being able to satisfy the needs of Amir, as a father should. Baba is very renowned for being a rich but generous man in Kabul. With his wealth he does great things, he built an orphanage and often gives money to the poor, for this most people respect him. Baba is definitely an admirable man in most of his actions but he has some flaws just like everyone else does. One of Babas faults is his fathering skills, which he has little of, if any. As a single parent Baba tries to connect with Amir, but struggles deeply to find any common interests as they are very different people. He treated Ali as a brother and Hassan as a son (even though Hassan was his other son). He was intelligent and supported Amir. Amir and Baba were very close as father and son and had a strong bond that even in later life did not break. Rahim Khan He is Babas close friend and partner in business. He is also a mentor to Amir as he is growing up. Rahim Khan is constantly being a good listener for Amir and always asks to read Amirs stories. Rahim is a good man, and is always the voice of reason. After Amir leaves for America, he still wants Amir to be the man that Baba dreamed of him being. Soraya- is Amirs wife and because she is a woman in an Afghan society, her social status is significantly lower than a mans. She has a rather scandalous past that is talked about as gossip, but she points out that it would be different if she were a man in the same society. She stays the obedient daughter to her father for most of the novel even though their opinions clash sometimes. For example, she reads Amirs story even though her father forbids it. She wants to stand up to her father at the end of the novel when he worrys about what people will think when they find out she is living with a Hazara child. Instead of letting her stand up to her father, Amir stands up for his nephew and does it himself. Soraya is a character to represent the status of woman in a normal Afghan society which is a very low social status. Summary Amir is a young traditional Afghanistan boy that lives in Kabul. As child he is a kite runner with his friend Hassan who is also his servant. His father Baba dreams of a bigger and better life outside of Kabul. They soon leave for America and after leaving, Amit meets his bride to be Soraya (who was also from Afghanistan). They marry and live happily but Baba passes away. Amir gets an unexpected call from Rahim Khan telling him to come back and he is told that Hassan was shot by the Taliban and that he was Amirs brother and he had a son named Sohrab. Amir then goes to find his nephew but realized the Taliban has taken him into a trafficking system. Amir goes to save him and discovers that Assef is the one who had taken him. He then rescues Sohrab and takes him back to America to live without fear.

Deforestation And Displacement Of Tribals Environmental Sciences Essay

Deforestation And Displacement Of Tribals Environmental Sciences Essay Today we are living in a globalized world where we measure everything in terms of profit and with a sole aim of development. We lead our lives even without looking back for once. This competition motive may take us to a developed, technologically advanced era, but we are losing our own lives by destroying the environment without thinking for the consequences. Environment before fifty years and the condition of today has a hell and heaven difference. In the name of development we are using all the natural resources that are available to us, and displacing indigenous people from their own land, to construct big dams, industries and urbanizing that area to get a better employment opportunity and to raise our standard of living, but we are forgetting that nature has also limitation, it is also losing its automatic cleansing capacity. People who are forced to flee from a disaster or conflict usually receive sympathetic attention and international aid from outside. The same cannot be said for the millions of people worldwide who have been displaced by development, because everyday this process is continuing in various parts of the world. The argument that has been put forth by so called developed and modern people that displacement is necessary for this traditional society to change them into a modern and developed society. Seen in this light, large-scale, capital-intensive development projects accelerated the pace toward a brighter and better future. If people were uprooted along the way, that was deemed a necessary evil or even an actual good, since it made them more susceptible to change.  In recent decades, however, a new development paradigm has been articulated, one that promotes poverty reduction, environmental protection, social justice, and human rights. In this paradigm, development is seen as both bringing benefits and imposing costs. Among its greatest costs has been the displacement of millions of vulnerable people. If people have to push out from thei r place for any natural disaster then media come out with various reports but when people are displaced everyday for any mega projects then nobody shows sympathy to them. Odisha is a State which is the best example of how developmental projects exploiting innocent people and in the light of human rights these developmental projects are showing the way towards destruction. A state gifted with rich mineral resources, yet so poor, Plenty of resources, plenty of poverty too, why Orissa is so poor with so much abundant natural resources? Orissas poverty unexplainable, these are among the most talked about statements on Orissa. A summary of the standard and typical statements and interpretations on the state and its situations would suggest that the State of Orissa is endowed with plenty of natural resources like forests, inland water, mineral deposits, raw materials, very beautiful long coastal belt full of natural beauty and amazing lake like chiliki, which the most essential elements required for pursuing the goal of modern development. Its long coastline combined with potentially viable ports inspires for developing Special Economic Zones (SEZ) and turning Orissa into one of the most industrially developed states. Planners, developers, and Government, all are tensed that even after all these mega projects and natural beauty, Odisha is still poor and peo ple are compelled to starve. Surveyors and researchers point out that the State has come one-step down from an All India rank of 14th in 1960-61 to that of 13th in 1997-98 in terms of Industrialization. The poverty ratio of the state is still one of the highest in the country. The state is generally taken as a poor, traditional, backward and non- industrial State and it is suggested that there is no way out to deal with the problems of poverty unless a process of rapid industrialization is initiated. However the Government is using big capitalist to make noticeable change in the State by investing multi-dollar projects in various areas where natural resources are easily available. The entire mineral, forest, water, and fertile agricultural land are handed over to national and multinational corporations to ruthlessly loot the state and pauperize local populations. Today Odisha is the symbol of starvation deaths, farmers suicides, large-scale labour migration, destitution and poverty. Its own rulers are throwing away the natural resources to the multinational sharks for their super profit. But Odisha also has become the beacon of hope for the struggling workers and peasants of this country in their heroic struggle against the predatory mining and industrialization of the state uprooting the toilers of the soil. Massive peoples resistance is going along the length and breadth of the state. Some prominent ones are Kalinga Nagar, Niyamgiri, anti-POSCO (Korean Steel Company), and anti- Vedanta University peoples struggles. CHAPTER-2 AN OVERVIEW Since Independence, different rulers in Odisha have sold the mineral resources cheap, and have given very low priority to agriculture, which has resulted in a phenomenal drain of mineral wealth and absolute impoverishment of broad masses of Oriya people. Even after more than sixty years of Independence the social indicators is leading the country in chronic poverty and starvation deaths, massive labour migration, displacement, under-nutrition, high maternal and infant mortality rate, etc. Though Odisha is very rich in natural resources like land forest, and minerals, its indices in human development are very low, in fact the lowest in India. (Source- www.HYPERLINK http://www.mapsofindia.com/mapsHYPERLINK http://www.mapsofindia.com/ofindia.com) There are thirty districts in Odisha and the districts are divided in to various mining zones by the State Pollution Board according to the mining sector and its impact on environment. These are, Zone-1 Keonjhar, Sundergarh Iron Manganese ore area Zone-2 Angul Talcher coalfield area. Zone-3 Sambalpur, Jharsuguda coalfield area. Zone-4, Jajpur,Dhenkanal Keonjhar Chromite area. Zone-5 Koraput Rayagada Kalahandi Bauxite area. Zone-6 Biramitrapur Limestone Dolomite belt Zone-7 Baula-Nuasahi chromite belt of Keonjhar and adjacent Balasore district. Zone-8 Gandhamardhan adjacent areas of iron ore in Keonjhar Zone-9 Mayurbhanj district, Iron ore China clay area. Zone-10 Beach sand mining area of Ganjam district and adjacent Puri district. Zone-11 Tumudibandh (Gangam, Gajapati and adjacent areas)- Graphite area Zone-12 Bolangir-Baragarh areas- Bauxite and Graphite Zone-13 Kalahandi district around Titlagarh- Graphite, Quartzite and Gemsstones Zone-14 Boudh, Sonepur Phulbani area- Small deposits of bauxite and graphite, but potential area for coal, diamond, gold, gemstones and dimensional stones Zone-15 Cuttack adjacent Dhenkanal areas Khurda district Zone-16 Western Orissa, Malkalgiri Nawarangapur, Nuapara district- Good potential for limestone dolomite, China clay, iron ore, tin ores, bauxite, besides gold, diamond, graphite, gemstones and dimensional stones While talking about mines and ores Odisha has 60% of bauxite reserve, 25% coal, 28% iron, 92% nickel, and 28% manganese reserve in India. It has rich forests, agricultural land and a long coastline with the most beautiful beaches in the world like Chandipur. The most important thing is that Odisha is a State where all type of natural resources are available, so the State can be used and developed for tourists and it can earn huge amount of money out of tourism, but regretfully the available mines and ores are being used for industrial establishment in the name of development and the tourism side has been neglected by the Government since a long. Perhaps this is the reason that the State is poor and its resources are neither used by good purposes and in a proper way, but are only exploited by the multi-dollar companies. It is one of the poorest states in India in a wide variety of socio-economic indicators. It has the lowest per capita income and very high below poverty level compared to all-India average. Odishas Human Development Index compared with other states is 27. Inspite of various mega projects that have been taken by the Government, the number people below poverty line and unemployment is increasing, the annual rate of growth in the year 1993 94 to 2003-04 was 1.75% compared to the all India grant of 6.19%. The National Infrastructure Index was 107, while for Odisha it was 75. The development policy pursued by successive government in Odisha after Independence produced massive poverty and displacement in Odisha. The National Advisory Council estimates 90 lakh people have been displaced from different development projects in Odisha. CHAPTER-3 MINING OPERATION AND MAGNITUDE OF DISPLACEMENT Mining and displacement caused by mega projects like big dams and senseless industrialization is one of the most important factors in the present predicament of Odisha. Mining is a very large factor in large-scale deforestation in Odisha. From 1980 to 2005 the Government of Odisha has given permission for mining in 15,386 hectares of forestland. Odishas contribution is second in India regarding the income from mining sector in India. According to the Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM) in the year 2004-2005 out of the total minerals extracted, 10% was from Odisha, the market price of which was Rs. 5,820 crores at that time. Metals comprise the main component in the mineral extraction in Odisha. There have been a lot of changes in the mining sector in Odisha. If one takes into account the data shows that the market price of 1997-98, it has increased three times. In 1997-98 the price of total minerals extracted in Odisha  was Rs. 2,237 crores. From 1997-98 to 2001-02 it grew by 6%, but from year 2002-03 it grew at a phenomenal rate by 27%. The reason being globalized modern market and the growing investment sector, which plays a vital role in this regard. According to income from minerals, Odishas main two mineral resources are coal and iron ore. In the year 2004-05 the income from coal was 46%, and 35% from iron or other main minerals one chromite 12%, and the other bauxite 2%. Due to stiff resistance in bauxite mining areas like Kashipur, Niyamgiri and Gandhmardhan, exploitation of bauxite is not high in Odisha until Nalco bauxite mining and alumina complex was established in early 1980s. In Panchpatmalli which is in Koraput district, the local Adivasis (tribals) are resisting bauxite mining by Hindalco Company and others. According to IBM, Odisha had also extracted minor minerals worth 45 crore US dollars in the year 2004-05. By the year 2004-05 mineral extraction was in done in 99,952 hectares. In the year 2005, 605 leases were granted in Odisha  for mining, out of which around 45% was not functional. Odisha  Mining Corporation controls around 20% of mines. Most of the districts, except Jajpur and Angul, are predominantly trib al; they have been evicted from their traditional habitats through predatory mining. Mining is one of the major reasons for the displacement of Adivasis but they are putting up stiff resistance to mining in Niyamgiri, Deomali, Khandadhar, Kashipur and Keonjhar as they donot want to be displaced from their soil where they are residing since time immemorial. Apart from that mining has caused widespread deforestation, soil erosion and degradation, and drying up of water sources. The mining trade is extremely exploitative and messy in Odisha, where successive rulers of Odisha have given mines to national and international big capital at a throw away price. After the economic reforms in 1991, the process has accelerated, and various policies and sector specific policies have been proving as catalyst for these big companies to start partnership and to inaugurate their projects. For bauxite and manganese minerals, the Government of Odisha  gets royalty from Rs. 20 to 25 a tonne, while the international price is about Rs. 3,000 to Rs. 5,000 per tonne. Khandadhar iron ore mines, which will displace about 30 villages, are being given as   captive mines to POSCO who will make super profit only from mining, apart from its steel plant at Jagatsinghpur. POSCO is facing stiff resistance from both these places. Displacement A conservative estimate puts the number of displaced people from Independence to the end of the millennium at about   1 crore. It is one-fourth of the present population of Odisha.   Almost 80% of the people displaced are Adivasis and Dalits because where they live, the natural resources are also available in plenty of amount in those hilly areas. It is shocking but true that most of the displacement took place in the areas of Adivasi districts of west and south Odisha, including districts like Sundergarh, Keonjhar and Mayurbhanj, which are predominantly Adivasi districts, where most of the large dams, mines and factories are located. The following Table shows the amount of land and village lost due to mega projects. Type of project No of villages displaced/ affected No of families displaced/ affected Total land acquired (in hectare) mines 79 3143 10,947.00 industries 177 10704 48,358.00 Thermal power 73 2426 3155.31 Irrigation/hydro power 1181 64903 595918.6 total 1446 81176 623463.94 (Source Kundan Kumar Dispossessed and displaced: A brief paper on tribal issues in Orissa. epgorissa.orgApril 2007.) The large dam at Hirakud on Mahanadi River was the first mega development project in post-independent Odisha,   which submerged more than 1.53 lakhs of fertile agricultural land and displaced around 350 villages in the then districts of Sambalpur. Nobody knows their fate now. The undivided district of Koraput is the tragic story of tribal displacement and destitution in India. The Adivasis like kandhas, bandas and kolhas of Koraput, who were once the lords of the forests, now work as casual and manual labourers in different industrial centres and their wives work as maid servants. First they were displaced in the Kolab and Machkund dams, and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited at Sunabeda in the 1960s and again in Nalco Alumina Refinery and mines at Damanjodi and Indravati Dam in the 1980s and 1990s. Rourkela Steel Plant displaced hundreds of Adivasi villages in Sundergarh district in the early decades after independence; Rengali Dam displaced more than 250 villages in then undivided Sam balpur and Dhekanal districts. It was supposed to be a multipurpose dam, after spending thousands of crores and displacing lakhs of farmers it could irrigate only 10% of the proposed command area. After 1990s,   thousands of acres of Adivasi land were acquired for setting up the steel hub at Kalinga Nagar. Vedanta Aluminium Limited has displaced scores of villages in Lanjigarh Block to set up the alumina refinery polluting and poisoning the entire area which has an adverse impact on local agriculture. Thousands of acres of fertile land all over the state were acquired for thermal power stations and other projects. People of Baliapal fought against the national missile testing range in the 1980s and successfully stopped it, thus preventing the displacement of hundreds of prosperous villages. People of Gopalpur in Ganjam district under the banner of Gana Sangram Samity fought a heroic battle against TATAs in 1990 and successfully stalled it, though TATAs still have 3,500 acres in th eir possession. In the early 1990s the fishermen of Chilka fought against the privatization of Chilka Lake for industrial shrimp cultivation. After economic liberalization, the successive governments of Odisha  have signed hundreds of memorandum of Understanding (MoUs) with national and international corporate houses. 43 MoUs have been signed for steel plants alone, which will require 4,013 million tons of iron ore for a total installed capacity to produce 58.04 million tons of steel. Decades of destructive development projects have totally pauperized and dispossessed the rural poor in Odisha, overwhelmingly the Adivasis and Dalits. It has deprived them of  land, water and forests. Without any sources of gainful employment in their own villages, they migrate to other states to work as contract and casual labourers. The loss of agricultural land and drying up of water sources has endangered the food security of the rural poor. The Donghria Kondhs are resisting bauxite mining by Vedanta in Niyamgiri hills. The farmers of Dhinkia, Gobindpur, Patna and Nuagaon are fighting against the TATAS proposed steel plant by POSCO in Jagatsinghpur district under the banner of POSCO Pratirodh Sangram Samity. In Kalinga Nagar, the Adivasis under the banner of Visthapan Virodhi Janmanch have put up a heroic resistance against the TATAs proposed steel plant. The adivasis under the banner of Vishthapan Viredhi Janmanch have put up a heroic against the TATAs proposed steel plant. The Adivasis of Kashipur are fighting against bauxite mining and alumina refinery for the past 15 years under the banner of Prakrutik Sampad Suraksha Samity. There is a struggle going on against bauxite mines in Deomali in Koraput district, and also against displacement caused by a big dam at lower Sukhtel in Bolangir district. The Adivasis in Narayan Patna Block in Koraput district are fighting against  bondage and alienation of their land. To keep the situation under control Odisha Government often using illegal detention as a weapon and in some instances are there where police has fired bullets in extreme conditions and killed Adivasis on the spot. For example the police fired on the peaceful crowd in Maikanch, in Kashipur Block of Rayagada district and killed 3 people who were protesting against Utkal Alumina in Kashipur. It has detained scores of activists of Kashipur struggle for months on false criminal charges. Since the past six months inhuman combing operations are going on in Narayan Patna where the cobra, central paramilitary forces and state armed police go on demolishing Adivasi homes, sexually assaulting Adivasi women, destroying their household belongings and brutally beating up the male members. What we are witnessing in Odisha and other places in India is a kind of revolutions generated by tribals demanding the protection of their rights and which ends in blood and dead-bodies. The Government of India has launched Operation Green Hunt to handover the rich mines, forests, water resources and agricultural land to national and international corporate houses. Operation Green Hunt seeks to open up mineral resources for appropriation and plunder. As per the Ministry of Mines, the states that fall under the proposed area of Operation Green Hunt, Andhra Pradesh Chhatisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Bengal, account for 59% of the countrys mineral production. In the period 2006-2009 environmental clearance was given to 120 projects to either expand existing or to open new mines in Jharkhand and Odisha. These mineral rich areas are home to the poorest of the poor and mostly Adivasis and Dalits. The state has launched a brutal repression to suppress all the democratic move ments which oppose handing over their land, water and forests to profit-hungry corporations. But the peasants, workers and Adivasis of Odisha have refused to buckle under state pressure; they have put up stiff resistance to corporate plunder and forcible eviction all over the state. Niyamgiri, Jagatsinghpur and Kalinga Nagar have become advanced outposts of anti-imperialist resistance. CHAPTER-4 IMPACT OF MINING AND SPECIAL FOCUS ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES The exploitation of mineral resources through surface and underground  mining has in the past caused a wide range of environmental  problems such as health degradation, air, water and noise pollution,  decline in agricultural production, deforestation, displacement  and other socio-economic impacts. However, over the past number  of years, stakeholders in the industry have been striving to  avoid and mitigate the potential detrimental effects of mining  on fragile ecosystems and local communities. Governments are   increasingly formulating and adopting policies to ensure the  sustainable development of their countrys mining industry  and mining companies are striving to be better environmental  citizens. Environmental groups have become increasingly involved  in mining disputes. However, a lot has to be achieved to ensure  mining in carried out in a sustainable way.   There are various problems which arise due to mining sectors. Such as, Adverse impact on Land, Atmosphere, Water Regime, Ecology and Society. Increase in temperature in the area- due to industrial activity and decrease in vegetation. Drilling and blasting contribute to explosive fumes. Changes in surface and ground water regime. Pollution of surface water bodies Run off from mines Leaching from dumps Noise pollution due to blasting and subsequent vibration drives away wild animals. The present Government minomics is resulting in decreasing in breeding of various aquatic animals, such as crocodiles and the Olive Reedley tortoises. Mining operations cut off the corridors and results in elephants deaths and most of the time men-elephant conflicts. The mining companies must be asked to regulate blasting time which is ideally 9a.m. to 11 a.m. but very sadly these are not being implemented by the State Government. The ground water is polluted and all the rivers have lost their natural cleansing systems. Various operational methods like drilling, blasting, hauling, loading, transporting, crushing causes noise and air pollution by fugitive emissions of gases like methane, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide and it ultimately results in Green house gas effect and acid rain fall. The water is used for spraying haul roads; therefore it leads to excess exploitation of ground water resources. Run-off water causes water pollution leading to harm to the aquat ic animals and sea plants. To mitigate the problem, the Environmental action plan should be regulated which include Domestic Effluent Treatment Plant, Workshop effluent treatment plant, Mine Water Discharge Sedimentation plant, Dust Suppression majors, tree plantation, and spreading for Bio reclamation and environmental monitoring. It also leads to climate change and the bio diversity areas of Odisha is being adversely affected by the mining operations. Never before have had wild animals and habitat faced the kind of threat they face today and just as dangerous is the threat to the survival of species from habitat destruction. Ecological destruction due to lopsided development projects and organized poaching has threatened the very existence of the species. The current paradigm of development has resulted not only in the depletion of natural resources of the state, but also threatens to wipe out irreplaceable ecosystems. According to reports, more than 100 open cast iron ore mines c overing over 60,000 hectares of land area is in operation and maximum area is under illegal operation within Keonjhar forest division. Orissas Baitarani Elephant Reserves (ERs) in Keonjhar and Jharkhands Dalma wildlife sanctuary of Singhbhum ERs, both corridors have been virtually cut-off because of the mining activities. The Schedule-I Gharial crocodile is also under threat. The sensitive crocodiles are fast vanishing from the river systems of the country. The ground water experts and Odishas Pollution Control Board scientists have declared the alarming situation. According to the wildlife conservation strategy, 2002, lands falling within 10 kms of the boundaries of national parks and sanctuaries should be notified as ESAs under provisions of Environment Protection Act, 1986. Acting on the orders of the apex court, the ministry of Environment and Forests had written to all states in 2006 to identify such areas. Declaration of such areas surrounding protected areas is vital in order to safeguard the interests of wildlife by preventing disturbing activities like mining or industries being located close to their borders. CHPTER-5 HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION OF DISPLACED PEOPLE Out of 414 principal tribes found in the country, as many as 62 ethnic groups are found in the old hilly districts of Oridha. Statistical figures say, till 2000, about 29 lakh people have been directly affected by development projects. Their problems are uncountable and some of them are as follows, Common property turns into State property or you can say, nature turns into property. No compensation could be adequate for them, who have lost their culture, monuments, art and natural habitats and togetherness and kinship. Impediments towards rights to development. It also leads to child labour and child prostitution in that area. People run out from their State and work as daily labour in other State and people exploit them very easily, because these people are very simple in nature and they do not know how to survive in this complicated outside world. It also leads to health problems. Right to healthy environment is or constitutional right.. but vety sadly I can say that due to poison gas emissions and the metals that mix with water it leads to dangerous diseases, sometimes causes serious impact on children and women. It also raises temperature in air. Since last 10 years Odisha is facing this problem. One of the area called titlagarh in Bolangir district where the temperature rises to 50 degree centigrade in hot summer. Human rights watchdog Amnesty International alleged that the government and Vedanta had failed to protect Orissas indigenous communities from health hazards of mining, but the mining major hit back saying the claims were based on an outdated document. It also alleged that the 8,000 strong community, mainly adivasis (tribals) in Orissas Lanjigarh suffered violations of human rights to water and health, due to pollution by Vedantas aluminium refinery. Vedanta Aluminium Ltds alumina refinery has led to water and air pollution, seriously undermining the quality of life and threatening the health of nearby communities, some of whom live only a few hundred yards from the refinerys boundary walls. The Amnesty report said that it also alleged that the Centre failed to obtain free, prior and informed consent of the Dongria Kondh people living in forests of Niyamgiri Hills before approving this project.The Centre, on its part, said it is yet to receive the Amnestys report and as such, a new Act (the Mines and Minerals Development and Regulation Act) is on the anvil to take care of issues, including tribal rights and welfare.Reacting to the report, Vedanta said: The majority of the report is based on an outdated document which was subjected to intense scrutiny by the Supreme Court.The firm claimed that it offered for joint verification of allegations in eight villages, and dialogue on every aspect of the report but it was rejected. CHAPTER-6 CASE ANALYSIS AND NATIONAL AND SECTOR SPECIFIC POLICY Kalinga Nagar situation The situation is real shape of a beast. Kalinga nagar in Jajpur district, the activists from the Visthapan Virodhi Jana Manch clashed with the supporters of the upcoming Tata Steel Project. And the activists were attacked with traditional weapons and police have deployed platoons at the site to prevent any further incidents. The SP and DM acted there as pro-Tata people, they turned priest for Tats bhumi puja and officially resumes the construction work that had stopped after 2nd January,2006 massacre. The work has been done on the area where people were displaced and not accepted the rehabilitation and resettlement package. A crowd of women stood and protested but the media came up with the news very shamelessly that those tribal women welcomed and did bhumi puja for Tata. Since the past three months a reign of terror has been unleashed in Kalinga Nagar. The people there have been peacefully agitating against the construction of an approach road. Instead of negotiating with the peopl e, the state government has reacted with brutal force. There has been a virtual blockade in Kalinga Nagar for the past few months. 29 platoons of armed police, 2 platoons of NSG, 70 police officers and 7 magistrates were deployed in Kalinga Nagar a week before the police brutally fired on peacefully agitating men, women and children. On 28thMarch 2010 the District Collector of Jajpur told the people of Kalinga Nagar that the district administration is willing for a negotiated settlement of the issues raised by them. However, shockingly on 30th  morning the police forces entered the village of Baligotha and started to fire indiscriminately on unarmed men, women and children. More than 30 villagers were injured; 7 of them are still battling for life. This explains how brutal force is used in Odisha to evict people from their habitat and handover mineral rich areas including fertile agricultural land to national and international big businesses. For the past few years hundreds of peo ple have been arrested in Kalinga Nagar, Jagatsinghpur and Narayan Patna on false criminal charges. This anti-people white terror is perpetrated on the peasants, workers, Adivasis and Dalits of Odisha to handover thousands of acres of fertile land, water and forests to the profit-hungry corporations displacing millions from their homes and habitat. Vedanta and illegal expansion Niyamgiri Hill is located in the Lanjigarh block of Kalahandi district. It is a scheduled V area, and is inhabited by Dongaria Kondhs, a primitive tribal group. Niyamgiri hills belong to the Eastern Ghats, and in-situ reserves of metallurgical grade bauxite have been reported from this area. More than 75% of  the Niyamgiri hills landmass is covered with dense forests and it is one of the biodiversity hotspots of Eastern Ghats. The northernmost hill of this hill country is proposed to be mined by Vedanta Alumina Ltd. who is also setting up an alumina refinery at the bottom of the hill by displacing local Kondh tribals.  The proposed mining and refinery has led to local and tribal people resistance as well as opposition by environmentalists. A case against the Vedanta Alumina Ltd. was filed  in the Supreme Court, where the petitioners have indicated that massive irregularities have taken place in the proposed project, especially on the environmental aspects along with human right s violations. The Central Empowered Committee of the Supreme Court strongly recommended that the Niyamgiri shouldnt be allowed to be mined on environmental and biodiversity grounds. Unfortunately, the Supreme Court overruled the recommendations of its own Central Empowered Committee and decided to allow Vedanta to carry out mining on Niyamgiri. At present, Vedanta is awaiting the final clearance for mining the Niyamgiri from Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. Meanwhile on ground the local tribals, including the Dongaria Kondhs have vowed to oppose the mining of Niyamgiri at all costs. The working process continues till March 2010, but Vedanta could not start mining on Niyamgiri due to strong oppositions by tribal peoples. Recently, a committee of the Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India has submitted detailed reports documenting violation of environmental and forest laws by Vedanta which says that Vedanta has violated Forest Rights Act, with out taking consideration of the tribal rights and environmental aspects in to account and started work on the p